Abstract:

Changing the tubing pressure, annulus pressure or the well temperature results in either a force on the end of the tubing string or a change in the length of the tubing string. The piston effect, buckling and ballooning are all a result of pressure changes. The temperature effect and any applied forces are independent of the well pressure. When adjusting the working mode of the wells, as well as installation of the tools, always check the effects of changing well conditions on the tubing string.